How is my view of the Universe different from that of a Theist or Deist?
The most obvious difference is the origin of the Universe. For most Theist and Deist, a God or more than one God created the Universe. For Science, and many beliefs that use science as the way to understand reality the Universe originated with the Big Bang. The Big Bang created Space-Time, hence it is not possible to talk about the before of the Big Bang. However, if at all possible, any cause or reason for the Big Bang is irrelevant to see how the Universe does work, and have not been proven to exist thus far. The other reason I would like to discuss is the idea of Emergent properties, but before I would like to explain a little bit about life. If you take a Biology class, one of the most wonderful and mind-blowing things you learn (hopefully) is the difference between a living organism and a non-living things. Allow me to summarize it in one word. Complexity. The basic unit of life is the Cell. The Cell (depending if Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic) is made out of membrane, cytoskeleton, genetic material, and organelles (nucleus, mitochondria, etc). All of this parts are necessary for the cell to work, and they are all made out of, essentially, atoms. All things, including non-living things, are made out of atoms. What makes a cell, and living organisms alive, is how the atoms are organized. In other words, complexity is a requirement for life. Biology is just complex Chemistry, ever heard of that? Now, the concept of emergent properties is tight up to complexity. The sum of the parts equal a greater thing than you would expect. You can't just gather all the elements that conform a body and expect the body to be made. But, if you arrange them in a specific way, through a specific process you get the body. The emergent properties of complex chemistry is life. Another way to put it, is that life is irreducible. Another example of an emergent property is consciousness. It is believed that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain. So, let's go back to the topic of the Universe. As the most complex thing there is, I believe the Universe has emergent properties. For example, the laws and forces science have discovered. And, maybe even more properties yet to discover. I do not believe necessarily that this emergent properties are outside of the Universe, or that they are different from the Universe. But just like consciousness doesn't seem to be part of mater, I think the Universe has properties outside of mater. After all the 4 forces of the universe (gravity, electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force) are all emergent properties of mater, but they are not mater per say). In conclusion, I do think there is more than what we can see. The emergent properties of the Universe for example, but I would not say they are different from the Universe. To me the Universe is all there is, opposed to how Theists or Deists think. For them, there is a second existence or reality call God or Divinity.
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